In this paper, we investigate the effects of mobility and encumbrance\ud(holding objects such as shopping bags) on\udstandard gestures commonly performed on touchscreens:\udtapping, dragging, spreading & pinching and rotating\udclockwise & anticlockwise when completed using a twohanded\udinput posture. These one- and two- finger on-screen\udgesture inputs have become common but previous research\udhas only examined tapping performance in everyday walking\udand encumbered situations. Therefore, a series of Fitts’\udLaw style targeting tasks was designed to measure the performance\udof each gesture with users walking only and\udwalking while carrying bags. The results showed that encumbrance\udand walking had a negative impact on each gesture\udin terms of accuracy except for rotational actions,\udwhich were performed well. Tapping and dragging both\udperformed poorly which shows the input difficulties of single\udfinger interactions when encumbered and on the move.\udOur findings will help designers choose the appropriate\udinput techniques for future mobile user interfaces and apps\udin physically demanding contexts.
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